Entretiens Jacques Cartier
Colloquium Information and Communications Technologies: Are they Green?
List of Speakers
Key factors to optimize performance and energy efficiency for communications networks and data centers
James Beer, Director of Data Centre Strategy & Operations, Bell Canada, Canada
James Beer joined Bell in October 2006, as Vice-President, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), leading the Infrastructure Services practice. In 2008, after gaining extensive experience in the ICT Enterprise market, J. Mardini was named Vice-President, Sales Medium Markets for Bell. His primary responsibility in this role is to oversee all Bell business market solutions, ensuring that customer business requirements for communication and technology are recognized and valued.
Abstract
James has accountabilities for both Bell internal and customer facing data centre operations across Canada. In this capacity, James has the rare opportunity of being embedded within one of Canada’s largest Enterprise IT practices serving the BCE family of wireline and wireless businesses while also building and managing customer facing, revenue generating data centre operations. James’ primary areas of focus are large data centre builds, data centre acquisitions and integrations, capacity management and robustness planning. In addition to space, power and cooling accountabilities, James also is responsible for systems architecture and support including compute, storage, networking and security. Prior to his role at Bell, James spent 5 years at Q9 Networks in a Director level operations role.
The impact of next generation telecom networks on ICT lifecycle management
Pierre Boucher, Ericsson Montréal, Canada
Pierre Boucher has an engineering degree from Ecole Polytechnique and is Director for Research at Ericsson's R&D and Services center in Montreal. He is responsible for research activities on broadband systems and networks and also for collaborative research and innovation projects with universities and institutions across Canada. Areas covered by his group include next generation internet protocols and network nodes, core node and network architectures and applications of cloud computing to telecom networks. His interests are in applications of ICT for sustainable development in areas such as healthcare and multimedia. P. Boucher is also chairman of Prompt, a research promotion organization involved in Quebec's "EcoloTIC" mobilizing project. He represents Ericsson on various boards promoting research and innovation in the telecommunications sector and in the community. Prior to his 20 years at Ericsson, P. Boucher worked for Rogers in Network Research with a focus on OSS systems.
Pierre is also chairman of Prompt, a research promotion organization involved in Quebec's "EcoloTIC" mobilizing project. He represents Ericsson on various boards promoting research and innovation in the telecommunications sector and in the community. Prior to his 20 years at Ericsson, Pierre worked for Rogers in Network Research with a focus on OSS systems.
Abstract
With the coming of 4G wireless networks, cloud based services and machine-to-machine communications, managing lifecycle presents additional challenges and opportunities for sustainable development and operations.
The telecom industry is estimated to be responsible for about 0.2 percent (mobile communication) and 0.4 percent (fixed) of total global carbon dioxide emissions. Even if our own environmental impact is small compared to other sectors, and compared to the potential of our solutions to offset emissions in other industries, we need to lead by example. Life cycle Assessment (LCA) is the methodology we use to measure our environmental impacts from "cradle to crave," that is, from design, manufacturing, transport and distribution, product operations, and eventual disposal and recycling.
Should we choose the "free cooling"? What are the risks if we consume less?
Bernard Boutherin, LPSC Grenoble Grenoble, France
Bernard Boutherin is a Computer Engineer. He coordinates the operation of the infrastructure of the LPSC and in particular a compute and storage node built into the production grid WLCG (Worldwide LHC Computing Grid). He is also responsible for a team who is developing applications for high energy physics.
Abstract
To process and analyze massive amounts of data produced by the LHC at CERN, the computing grid WLCG (Worldwide LHC Computing Grid) has been deployed. It brings together the resources of almost two hundred sites on three continents and organized hierarchically according to their capacity. The LPSC provides resources to WLCG as a level 3 center. Although its contribution to LHC computing is modest, it has exceeded the critical size at which the quality of infrastructure is predominantly for production quality, particularly in view of the efficiency of air conditioning system. By early 2008, in order to invest in a robust and economical system, the LPSC opted for free cooling with the combination of two modes: (i) direct free cooling air when the outside temperature is below 25 ° C, (ii) the water-air free cooling using water from the aquifer at other times. We will measure the value of this system in terms of energy savings: the cost of cooling being divided into a factor of more than ten compared to a conventional system, but we'll see how this system also lets out the classic pattern where failure of air conditioning leads almost automatically shutdown computer. In effect since March 2008 at LPSC, no downtime has been caused by the cooling system.
Socio-economic opportunities for a carbon-focused Green ICT strategy
Charles Despins, Prompt Québec and École de technologie supérieure, Montréal, Canada
Charles Despins’ career has spanned 25 years in both the academic and industry segments of the information and communications technologies (ICT). In addition to his work as a faculty member of INRS-Telecommunications (Université du Québec) in Montreal, Canada, he has held various posts in the private sector, namely at CAE Electronics, Microcell Telecommunications (Canadian cellular operator) and at Bell Nordiq Group (a network operator in rural and northern areas of Canada) as vice-president and chief technology officer. He has also worked as a consultant for wireless network deployments in India and China. Since January 2003, he has been president and CEO of Prompt inc., an ICT university-industry research and development consortium. In addition, he is a faculty member (on leave) at École de Technologie Supérieure (université du Québec) in Montréal, with research interests in wireless communications. He is also a guest lecturer in the executive MBA program at McGill University in Montreal.
Abstract
A Green ICT strategy focused on carbon-emission reductions not only presents huge opportunities for the ICT industry but also offers a strong lever to develop the 21st century digital economy on the basis of sustainable development principles. Quebec, Canada as a whole and any jurisdiction that invests in renewable energy production can thus reconcile economic and environmental benefits through Green ICT. Beyond research and development activities, a holistic approach to socio-economic development is thus required to fully exploit this opportunity.
Information and Communication Technologies, part of the solution or one of the causes of the problem?
Eric Drezet, CRHEA in Sophia Antipolis
Eric Drezet is System and network administrator of a CNRS laboratory studying physics of materials for the electronics, CRHEA in Sophia Antipolis. Member of the Working Group Ecoinfo since its inception in 2006. Specializations within the group: green procurement, social, resource depletion, energy aspects. Editor of several articles on materials for electronics (rare earth, silicon, lithium,…). Co-author of the book " Systèmes d'information et développements durable " (Hermes - May 2010) and of the book « Impact écologique des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication » (EDP Sciences – release in 2012)
Abstract
Information and Communication Technologies are often presented as a symbol of dematerialization, so we all think that it is a clean technology, without any environmental impact, more than this, like a leader in sustainable development.
We will see that ICTs, far from this immaterial image, have an important impact: datacenters and individual equipments (computers, tablets, smartphones…) are increasing rapidly, the decrease of the life cycle of electronic products which are replaced more and more rapidly, an electronic industry consuming so much primary resources, energy, water, toxics, the proliferation of electronic waste, all goes to increase these impacts.
Effectively, if ICTs can contribute, in a certain way, to reduce the environmental footprint of all human activities, we will have to avoid rebound effects. In that case, what we can win one side will be overtaken by the weight of the equipments needed.
Solutions may consist in reducing consumption, increase life cycle of electronic equipments, promote eco-conception, and organize industrial local recycling.
Virtualization and Energetic Efficiency over multi-access environments
Alberto E. García, University of Cantabria Cantabria, Spain
Alberto E. García, Assistant Professor in the Telematics Engineering Group of the Department of Telecommunication University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain. He graduated in Telecommunication Engineering and Ph. D. degree studies in Telematics Engineering, and he has been director of several courses into the Laredo Summer Courses of Cantabria University. Actually his research activities are centered into the strategic planning over Future Internet Networks, Cloud networking and Energy Efficiency over Multiaccess Networks.
Abstract
The rational use of shared resources opens up the possibility of reducing energy consumption associated with different network accesses, especially with the mobile devices proliferation. The current scenario defined by the Internet users, over different accesses, wired and wireless is especially interesting from the point of view of the energy consumption and the real possibilities to introduce solutions that could decrease the amount of energy used in residential environments. This analysis is focused in the concrete situation of resource sharing among multimedia residential personal networks. The study analyzes the behavior of new environments based on the virtualization of specific processes comparing them with traditional uses as for example P2P. The energy consumption associated with this improvement implies a substantial reduction in the number of Always-ON devices, and the reduction and equalization of activity time around the area of the distributed network, and the results are especially interesting when we replicate the experience over fully mobile scenarios.
Optimization Models for Energy Reduction in wireless networks
Azeddine Gati, Orange Labs Research & Development
Azeddine Gati, received the Engineer. in telecommunication and signal processing in 1996. He received the M.Sc. from university of Rennes and the Ph.D. degrees from the University of Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France, in 2000. Since 2001, he has been at Orange Labs, France Telecom, Issy les Moulineaux, France, where he has been involved in research in the fields of applied electromagnetic for telecommunications systems. From 1997 to 2001, he was engaged in studying circuit optimization and electromagnetic (EM) computational methods. Since 2001, he has been involved in research on human interaction with radio waves. from 2007-2010, he leads research projects on sustainable development, including interactions of waves with human bodies, body area networks, wireless network planning tools, and energy in information, communication technology and service solutions (ICT). Since 2011, he leads the research program on sustainable development that includes the impact of electromagnetic fields on human bodies, the energy and environmental impact of telecom networks and terminals, as well as the use of ICT in sustainable development. Dr. Gati is a member of the Union Radio Scientifique Internationale, France.
Abstract
This talk will deal with general trends in wireless technologies for building green networks. The presentation will focus the design, the optimization schemes and the energy consumption models.
Green Radio-over-Fibre Access Networks for e-City Environments
Trevor Hall, Canada Research Chair in Photonic Network Technology Professor,
Director of the Centre for Research in Photonics School of Information Technology and Engineering University of Ottawa
Trevor Hall is a Canada Research Chair Tier I in Photonic Network Technology; a Professor; and the Director of the Centre for Research in Photonics at the University of Ottawa, Canada. His undergraduate studies in general engineering were spent at Christ's College, Cambridge, UK, where he was awarded a BA and a MA; and his graduate studies in Electronic Engineering were spent at University College London, UK, where he was awarded a PhD in 1980. After a period with Cambridge Consultants Ltd., he commenced an academic career as a Lecturer and, subsequently, a Reader in the Physics Department at Queen Elizabeth College London, UK, (now King's College London, UK). He transferred from the Physics Department to the Electronic Engineering Department in 1993 and was promoted to Professor of Optoelectronics. In 2002, he moved to his present position in Canada. He has pioneered systems implementations of photonic device technologies; he has published ~350 scientific papers; and he has initiated 8 patents. He co-founded OneChip Photonics Inc. which now has 50 employees. He was appointed to the SISCom International Chair 2010/11 at Telecom Bretagne France supported by the Université Européenne de Bretagne. He was also honoured as a Distinguished Scholar of the Erasmus Mundus Master in Photonics co-ordinated by Ghent University (http://www.master-photonics.org/). He is a Chartered Scientist (C.Sci), Chartered Physicist (C.Phys), and Chartered Engineer (C.Eng); Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP); a Fellow of the Institute of Engineering and Technology (FIET); and is licensed as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng) in Ontario. He is also a member of the Institution of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (MIEEE) and a member of the Optical Society of America. He is an Emeritus Professor of King's College London. His current research emphasis is sustainable solutions for broadband access for all.
Abstract
Pervasive broadband access will transform cities to the net social, environmental, and economic, benefit of the e-City dweller as did the introduction of utility and transport network infrastructures. Yet without action, the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions attributable to the increasing energy consumption of access networks will become a serious threat to the environment. The presentation will consider the strategies available to cap wireless network energy consumption whilst accommodating growth in the number of subscribers and the bandwidth of services.
Sustainability of ICT - issues of dependability on technical and natural systems
Lorenz M. Hilty, EMPA, Switzerland
Lorenz M. Hilty is professor of Informatics and Sustainability at the Department of Informatics (IFI) of the University of Zurich and head of the Technology and Society Lab at Empa, the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology. His research interests include the assessment of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Converging Technologies (CT) with regard to sustainability, ICT applications in the contexts of energy, environment or development, as well as methods and principles that lead to sustainable solutions.
Abstract
The talk will give an overview on sustainability issues of ICT, starting from the Green IT perspective and extending it in several directions: Life-Cycle thinking, issues beyond energy (scarce metals), enabling effects of ICT, and systemic effects of ICT. Based on a review of studies assessing the potential of ICT to reduce the carbon footprint of the economy, the conditions will be discussed under which ICT could substantially contribute to sustainable development.
SmartGrid Proactive Operation
David Hotte, Vice-president, CGI Utility Solution & Services, Montréal, Canada
With more than thirty years of experience in the Utility Distribution services, David Hotte is Vice-President responsible for the PragmaSmart solutions and services integrated in the CGI SmartGrid strategy for Utility clients worldwide. He is involved in important events related to the SmartGrid approach and technologies with many Utility organizations and he is also actively participating in the Distributech Advisory Committee and different Utility Events. David Hotte was appointed as Vice president of Solutions Engineering and support for the Utility Solution sector of CGI in 2002 with responsibility for the planning and direction of all research and development activities. David has also managed the Sales for the Utility Solution for the North America market and the Executive sponsorship for the advance Outage and Network solution for Hydro-Québec.
Prior to his appointment at CGI, David Hotte held the position of head manager of automation and control IT projects at Hydro-Quebec. In this position, David was responsible for the design, development, enhancement and maintenance of Hydro-Quebec automated network and outage system operations and distribution pilot automation projects.
Abstract
The presentation will address the recent shifts in demand patterns, distributed generation and the transition to an "intelligent network" require highly collaborative systems and processes in the context of a green networks management approach.
Physical layer networks: the verdant canopy of ICT
Daniel Kilper, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent, Murray Hill, USA
Dr. Daniel Kilper is a member of the Bell Laboratories Optical Transmission Systems and Networks Research Department at Alcatel-Lucent. He received BS degrees in Electrical Engineering and Physics from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1990 and the PhD and MS degrees in physics from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in 1992 and 1996. He was a research scientist at the Optical Technology Center at Montana State University before serving as an assistant professor in physics at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte until 2000. He is a senior member of IEEE and an associate editor for the OSA/IEEE Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. He currently serves as interim chair of the GreenTouch Consortium technical committee. While at Bell Laboratories he has conducted research on optical performance monitoring, network energy trends, and on transmission, architectures and control systems for transparent and re-configurable optical networks. He has authored or co-authored more than 80 journal publications and conference presentations, three book chapters and six patents.
Abstract
High bandwidth, scalable technologies in the core network physical layer enabled the Internet that we enjoy today. They remain the most efficient segment of the Internet comprising equipment operating at 10 nJ/bit and below, with carbon footprints dominated by the use phase. These technologies are also at the heart of efforts to identify new network architectures that will continue network scaling into the future and help unlock ICT's potential to facilitate sustainable living.
Taking into Account the Rebound Effect in LCA : Necessities and Difficulties
Stéphane Lepochat, EVEA, France
Since 2008, Stéphane Le Pochat is in charge of Research and Development at EVEA (www.evea-conseil.com). S. Lepochat has a PhD in Industrial Engineering and Eco-Design (ENSAM, France, 2005). His expertise in eco-design and LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) relies on a solid experience of more than 13 years in eco-design and LCA projects, mainly in mechanical engineering. He teaches eco-design and LCA in various master programs, at ENSAM and at École des Mines. He is an active member of the French Standardization Commission on environmental management (AFNOR/X30U). During 2 years at l'ADEME (Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie), he was in charge of the development of the ecolabels and has been the French representative on the European Commission for the ecological community label. He was also in charge of LCA studies conducted by ADEME, and has been vice-president of the national platform for environment product labeling (http://affichage-environnemental.afnor.org/) and in charge of the first standard project BP X 30 -323. Stéphane Le Pochat has been working on LCA in the context of ICT for the last two years.
Abstract
Environmental impacts of products and services are, beyond their intrinsic environmental burden, also largely determined by societal aspects determining consumption patterns. It is estimated that over 20% of environmental impacts of consumer products may depend on how these products are used and disposed. The rebound effect, sociological phenomenon now known, is part of the societal aspects having a significant influence on the environmental performance of consumer products. However, quantifying the rebound in the LCA is at present almost non-existent and the subject remains to be explored.
HPC : the difficult choice between the quantity of results and energy consumption?
Daniel Leprince, EDF France
Daniel Leprince a obtenu un Diplôme d'Ingénieur en Informatique de l'université Paris-Sud (Polytech Paris-Sud) en 2000. Entré en 1984 à EDF, Daniel Leprince a tout d'abord travaillé dans le domaine du contrôle-commande pour le compte du réseau de transport d'électricité pendant plus de dix ans, y compris à l'international (Arabie Saoudite) et dans les départements d'outre-mer. Il est maintenant Ingénieur-Chercheur à EDF R&D depuis 2003, dans le domaine du calcul haute performance (HPC). Il travaille sur les problématiques d'efficacité énergétique depuis 2009, dans le cadre du projet ANR EcoGrappe.
Abstract
In traditional data centers, energy efficiency means using the minimum energy to obtain the expected results. Virtualization technologies are commonly used, combined with the consolidation of multiple virtual machines on one physical machine, to adapt the number of physical servers to the actual or predicted computational workload. In the scope of High Performance Computing (HPC), the CPU utilization rate is often close to 100%. Periods of low activity generally corresponding to the data synchronization between multiple processes, locally or remotely. Therefore the techniques used in traditional data centers do not apply to HPC.
The first step to optimizing the consumption is to know what it is. EDF R&D has equipped a complete platform with sensors to track individual and collective consumption of a set of computing servers configured as a cluster. We have used this platform to characterize the consumption during the execution of a code or a portion of code, to be able to establish a classification of codes or libraries, depending on their consumption profiles. The ultimate goal is to be able to build one or more scheduling policies based on energy efficiency criteria, in addition to the standard criteria of execution priority.
The means to optimise the consumption are strongly dependent on the hardware running the code. Examples include the reduction of the CPU frequency or temporary hibernation of some hardware components of the server. We can also increase the overall efficiency by scheduling small jobs to fill the temporarily unused resources left by a parallel code waiting for intermediate results.
Let's Build a Smarter Planet: Energy and Utilities
Benoit Marcoux, IBM, Montréal, Canada
Benoit Marcoux is a strategy consultant with IBM Global Business Services, focusing on electric utilities and helping them in transforming their operations and migrating to a smarter grid. A professional engineer with master degrees in applied sciences and business administration, he is a member of IBM?s Energy and Utilities global community, where he actively contributes to knowledge sharing, particularly through writing in various industry journals and newspapers.
Abstract
In the 1880s, Nikola Tesla invented the 3-phase 60 Hz technology still used in the North American electrical grid, which was then commercialized by George Westinghouse, who was competing with Thomas Edison.
One hundred and twenty five years later, the Smart Grid aims to solve this 19th century problem using 21st century systems. And the 21st century itself brought a new set of challenges to be met: energy efficiency, integration of distributed and renewable energy, charging of electrical vehicles, pressure on costs, environmental concerns, and consumer expectations.
This conference will define what is a Smart Grid, outline its main objectives, present how it is being deployed, and discuss some on-going technological and societal challenges that the industry is facing.
Discrete Energy Management Framework for Wired Communication Networks
Chris Phillips, University of London, London, UK
Chris Phillips received a BEng. Degree in Telecommunications Engineering from Queen Mary, University of London, in 1987 followed by a PhD on concurrent discrete event-driven simulation, also from Queen Mary. He then worked in industry for nine years as a hardware and systems engineer with Bell Northern Research, Siemens Roke Manor Research and Nortel Networks, focusing on broadband network protocols including SDH and G-MPLS, resource management and resilience. In 2000 Chris returned to Queen Mary as a Reader. A common theme that underpins his research is how management mechanisms can be developed to enable limited resources to be used effectively in a changing environment. This has been addressed in the context of dynamic VPNs, wireless sensor networks, all-optical carrier networks and nomadic computing. More recently his focus is on exploring ways of coordinating the energy management and network configuration such that resource requirements better match the immediate traffic demands whilst avoiding transport discontinuities. This is a topic that he and other researchers are currently pursuing in COST Action 0804, "Energy efficiency in large scale distributed systems.
Abstract
The work explores the feasibility of using a limited set of pre-calculated network topology configurations to determine the resources required to support a given traffic demand. Information gleaned from SNMP trap messages triggered by the use of a link utilization threshold, determine when to switch between configurations. The threshold employs moving-average smoothing and is discretely readjusted over the course of a daily cycle based on anticipated basal load variations. By exploiting MT-OSPF this approach provides a scalable and flexible means of reconfiguring an infrastructure that avoids routing discontinuities, excessive computational effort or the exchange of considerable volumes of control information. The energy cost associated with this quantized representation of the network utilization is quantified and indicates that worthwhile gains are still achievable.
Green Data Center management: from monitoring to task allocation
Jean-Marc Pierson, IRIT, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
Since September 2006, Jean-Marc Pierson serves as a Full Professor in Computer Science at the University of Toulouse (France). He received his PhD from the ENS-Lyon, France in1996. He was an Associate Professor at the University Littoral Cote d'Opale (1997-2001) in Calais, then at INSA-Lyon (2001-2006). He is a member of the IRIT Laboratory. His main interests are related to large-scale distributed systems. He serves on several PCs and editorial boards in the Grid, Pervasive, and Energy-aware computing area. His researches focus on trust and reputation systems, cache and replica management, and energy aware distributed systems (in particular sensing, job placement and scheduling, green networking, autonomic computing, mathematical modeling). He is chairing the EU funded COST IC804 Action on "Energy Efficiency in Large Scale Distributed Systems.
Abstract
In this talk, we will give an overview of the current trends on energy-aware data centers management. In particular, works on monitoring and associated metrics will be explained. In a second part we will exhibit how these information can be used to reduce the ecological and economical impact of these centers often gathering hundreds of computers in dedicated environments. More specifically works on task allocation and migration will be studied in details, both on theoretical aspects and actual deployments in data centers management software for grid and Clouds.
Using ICT to "adapt" rather than "mitigate" Global Warming
Bill St-Arnaud, Green Internet Consultant, Ottawa, Canada
Bill St. Arnaud is an independent consulting working with a number of R&E networks, business and other organizations on next generation Internet issues identifying research and business opportunities in a future low carbon economy. His current activities include deploying worlds' first zero carbon Internet in Canada and building a national research R&E hybrid wireless/optical network for next generation eScience applications.
Abstract
Climate change is a real and present threat. We are on the cusp of major climatic disruptions. We are now beyond the point of no return in terms of mitigating or slowing down climate change. We must now focus on how to adapt to a much warmer planet. ICT can be a powerful instrument in helping society adapt to this new world. But unfortunately ICT itself has become the heavy industry of the information age whose CO2 emissions from ICT exceeds that of traditional heavy industry smelters, steel mills and cement plants with a continuing dramatic growth rate of over 6% a year. At this rate ICT will represent 12-20% of all CO2 emissions by 2020. Energy efficiency is not enough. We don't have enough time to reduce emissions of ICT through energy efficiency. We need to find alternate solutions that enable ICT to become zero carbon immediately. Building zero carbon networks, data centers and computers will be our major task in the coming years. We also need to design ICT solutions that can survive dramatic climate disruptions such as floods and droughts.
Existing and emerging Standards as applied to GreenICT
Chris Weber, CSA - Canada Standards Association
Chris Weberhas been working in the environmental field since 1992. He has a Masters in Natural Resource Management and an undergraduate science degree from the University of Manitoba. He has worked in the private sector as a consultant, at the government of Manitoba, the Office of the Auditor General, Environment Canada and is now at CSA. Chris Weber has worked at the cross-section of agriculture and environment, on air quality and smog issues in the federal-provincial domain and on policy and design issues of air pollutant and climate change emissions cap and trading programs.
Abstract
Chris will be discussing the role of standards and more specifically greenhouse gas standards in the GreenICT areas. CSA has been as part of the Greenstar project developing a protocol for the purposes of providing guidance for estimating the emission reductions that could result from the provision or sourcing of low or zero carbon information and communication technology (ICT) services. This is an increasingly important topic not only because ICT has growing environmental impacts, but also due the technical complexities which underlie the delivery of ICT as a service, especially in respect of the growing use of cloud computing and the provision of ICT services over the internet. The protocol can be used both for creating emission reductions for carbon trading, and the quantification and reporting of related low or zero carbon ICT initiatives within corporate sustainability reports.
Quebec co-organizers
Brigitte Jaumard (Biography)
Christine Tremblay (Biography)
Anjali Awasthi (Biography)
France co-organizers
Laurent Lefèvre (Biography)
Françoise Berthoud (Biography)