wind-driven rain: CFD models

General procedure (steady-state of Choi)

1) CFD simulation of wind flow pattern around building

2) raindrop trajectories

3) catch ratios

4) water amount for specific rain

Choi started numerical simulation, steady-state.Choi, E. C. C, 1999, Wind-driven rain on building faces and the driving-rain index

Choi, E. C. C., 2001, Wind-driven rain and driving rain coefficient during thunderstorms and non-thunderstorms;; Choi, E. C. C., 2000, Variation of wind-driven rain intensity with building orientation;; Choi, E.C.C., 1992, Simulation of wind-driven-rain around a building

Blocken and Carmeliet, transient driving rain loads (based on multiple runs of steady-state model over weather data, with algorithms for time scale integration)

Blocken, B. and Carmelie, J, 2001, Spatial and temporal distribution of driving rain on buildings: numerical simulation and experimental verification;; Blocken, B. and Carmeliet, J., 2000, Driving rain on building envelopes ¨C I: numerical estimation and full-scale experimental verification;; Blocken, B. and Carmeliet, J., 2002, Spatial and temporal distribution of driving rain on a low-rise building;; Blocken, B. and Carmeliet, J., 2000, Driving rain on building envelopes ¨C II: representative experimental data for driving rain estimation

Van Mook, Hangan, experimental verification of steady-state conditions. van Mook, F., 1999, Measurements and simulations of driving rain on the main building of the TUE;;

Blocken and Carmeliet - verifying transient method Blocken, B. and Carmeliet, J., 2002, Spatial and temporal distribution of driving rain on a low-rise building

also see:

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Research on wind, rain and driving rain at the TUE site

"the measurements with CFD simultations of wind and driving rain at the same site"

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A review of wind-driven rain research in building science, by Blocken, B. and Carmeliet, J., 2004

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Driving rain on building envelopes II: representative experimental data for driving rain estimation, by Blocken, B. and Carmeliet, J., 2000

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Full-scale measurements and numeric simulation of driving rain on a building fasade, by van Mook, F., 1999

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Measurements and simulations of driving rain on the main building of the TUE, by van Mook, F., 1999

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Prediction of driving rain intensities using potential flows, by Hagentoft, C. and H?gberg, A., 2002

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Quantification of driving rain as a boundary condition for water flow modelling in building parts, by Blocken, B., 2004

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Simulation of wind-driven rain and wetting patterns on buildings, by Inculet, D. and D. Surry, 1995

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Simulation of wind-driven-rain around a building, by Choi, E. C. C., 1992

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Spatial and temporal distribution of driving rain on buildings: numerical simulation and experimental verification, by Blocken, B. and Carmelie, J., 1999

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Variation of wind-driven rain intensity with building orientation, by Choi, E. C. C., 2000

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Wind, rain and the building envelope: studies at the Laboratory of Building Physics, KULeuven, by Blocken, B., Desadeleer, W. and Carmeliet, J., 2002

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Wind-driven rain and driving rain coefficient during thunderstorms and non-thunderstorms, by Choi, E. C. C., 2001

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Wind-driven rain as a boundary condition for HAM simulations: Analysis of simplified modelling approaches, by Janssen, H., Blocken, B., Roels, S., Carmeliet, J., 2007

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Wind-driven rain distributions on two buildings, by Karagiozis, A., Hadjisophocleous, G. and Cao,S, 1997

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Wind-driven rain on building faces and the driving-rain index, by Choi, E. C. C., 1999

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Wind-driven rain studies. A C-FD-E approach, by Hangan, H., 1999