Housing research for the North

first silicon solar cell was developed in Bell laboratory by Chapin et al. 1955

Renewable Energy in Canadian Aboriginal Remote Communities - Lit Review http://www.appropedia.org/Renewable_Energy_in_Canadian_Aboriginal_Remote_Communities_-_Lit_Review

INAC, 2010. "ecoENERGY for Aboriginal and Northern Communities".

Renewable Energy for First Nations, Online source. Projects: Beaver Lake Solar Wall (54 deg 13' North), Swan Lake First Nation in Manitoba completed several RE and EE projects such as solar panels for a remote youth camp to reduce dependence on a diesel generator and EE residential projects like increasing insulation in attics and basements.

Brown, C., Guichard, A., Lyons, D., 1996. "ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL FOR WIND AND SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS IN ANTARCTICA" Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies.

As renewable energy generation devices become more efficient and less expensive, the market for providing power to remote communities is expanding. Power for these sites is usually provided by diesel generator sets although, with high winds or solar radiation levels, wind-turbines and solar arrays could prove an ideal alternative. This is especially true for Antarctica. The Australian Antarctic Division currently ships approximately 750,000 litres of diesel fuel annually to each of three continental stations located on the coastline of East Antarctica. These operations are expensive and savings could be expected from the introduction of a renewable energy generation capability. These stations experience strong winds with gusts recorded at up to 81 m/s, together with temperatures often plunging below -30oC in winter. This, while providing adequate meteorological conditions for power generation by wind-turbines, also imposes harsh design criteria. Solar also remains an extremely promising alternative during the summer, but is not viable for the winter. As part of a project investigating 'Alternative Energy for Antarctic Stations', analysis of meteorological data has given wind energy capacity factors estimates of up to 0.7, and summer solar energy capacity factors estimates of up to 0.3. These, combined with station load measurements, have been used to determine the optimal sizing of the number and ratio of wind/solar to storage devices. Results indicate that installation of a 110 kW wind turbine capacity at Mawson would result in a 25% fuel saving, while a 55 kW wind turbine capacity at Macquarie Island would reduce fuel consumption by 30%.

Http://www.linux.aq/publications/bwea96.pdf

AANDC-- Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada

"Canada's economic and social well-being benefits from strong, self-sufficient Aboriginal and northern people and communities. Our vision is a future in which First Nations, Inuit, M¨¦tis and northern communities are healthy, safe, self-sufficient and prosperous - a Canada where people make their own decisions, manage their own affairs and make strong contributions to the country as a whole."

--------

Dangerous climate change and the importance of adaptation for the Arctic's Inuit population, by Ford, J. D., 2009

RET for Nunavut

Overcoming Barriers for Reduction of Diesel Dependency with Renewable Energy Technologies in Nunavut, by Mcdonald, N. C. and Pearce, J. M., 2010

--------

Performance monitoring of the Nunavut arctic college PV system: nine years of reliable electricity generation, by Poissant, Y., Thevenard, D. and Turcotte, D., 2004

--------

Photovoltaics for the north: a canadian program, by Dignard-bailey, L., Martel, S. and Ross, M. M. D., 0

--------

Photovoltaics for the North: Five Years of Breaking Down Barriers in the Northwest Territories, by Martel, S., Kutny, L. and Troke, D., 1998

--------

Renewable Energy in Canadian Aboriginal Remote Communities - Lit Review, by Queen's University Applied Sustainability Research Group., 2011

--------

The use of photovoltaics in a northern climate, by Usher, E., Jean, G. and Howell, G., 1994