NSERC Overheating Project

Project Tasks

Introduction

Previous heat wave events in Montreal.

Field monitoring

Indoor thermal conditions of selected buildings and exterior climatic conditions will be monitored to assess risks of summertime overheating.

Simulations

Development of urban-scale microclimate model and building-scale overheating model.

Mitigations

Development of mitigation strategies at building levels by considering urban-scale microclimate and climate change for different Canadian climatic zones.

Guidelines

Development of design guidelines to support the National Building Code of Canada and Canadian construction standards to address climate change.



Previous Heat Wave Events in Montreal

Total deaths - Daily deaths rate per million residents

2010
106 - 9.3%
2018
66 - 6.4%

In previous years, there were four heat events in Montreal in 1987, 1994, 2010 and 2018 associated with mortality.

Type of residential Buildings of 53 deaths

Type of buildings of the 66 deaths



Field monitoring - Building selection





Hospitals


MSSS-Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (Ministry of Health and Social Services)
Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux
Google Map (Map 56)

CIUSSS in Montreal (200 buildings in total)
1. CIUSSS East-Island-of-Montreal: 74 buildings
Google Map (Map 56)
2. CIUSSS West-Island-of-Montreal: 20 buildings
Google Map (Map 20)
3. CIUSSS West-Central-Island-of-Montreal: 26 buildings
Google Map (Map 30)
4. CIUSSS South-Central-Island-of-Montreal: 52 buildings
Google Map (Map 51)
5. CIUSSS North-Island-of-Montreal: 34 buildings
Google Map (Map 29)



Schools


Ministère de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supérieur (Ministry of Education and Higher Education )
Ministère de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supérieur
School boards list:
School Board

School Boards in Montreal (396 in total, 342 preschools and primary schools)
1. English-Montréal School Board (Montréal - 06)
Google Map (Map 55)
2. Lester-B.-Pearson School Board (Montréal - 06)
Google Map (Map 47)
3. C. S. Marguerite-Bourgeoys (Montréal - 06)
Google Map (Map 86)
4. C. S. de Montréal (Montréal - 06)
Google Map (Map 156)
5. C. S. de la Pointe-de-l’Île (Montréal - 06)
Google Map (Map 52)

Field monitoring - Monitoring devices – Outdoor Sensors

1

E348-RX3004-00-01

RX3000 4G Remote Monitoring Station with LCD display and GSM/HSPA cellular communications to internet.
Weatherproof (NEMA 6) datalogger rated from -40ºC to +60ºC with 32MB memory(2 million measurements).
Up to 1-minute logging interval, user-specified.
Logger comes with 10 smart sensor inputs and the ability to accept a total of two expansion modules: analogue sensor module (4 analogue sensors each) or relay module.
Logger is powered by a 10AHr rechargeable battery (solar panel, AC charger or user-provided external power supply is required. To be added separately).

2

E348-SOLAR-15W

15-Watt Solar Panel - ideal for very cloudy locations, higher altitudes, and/or when connecting analog sensors with high excitation power requirements;
includes bracket with adjustable angle for mast mounting.

3

E348-S-LIB-M003

Silicon Pyranometer Sensor w/3m Cable
Measurement range: 0 to 1280 W/m2
Accuracy: ±10 W/m2 or ±5%, whichever is greater in sunlight. Additional temperature induced error ±0.38 W/m2 /°C from 25°C (0.21 W/m2/°F from 77°F), Resolution: 1.25 W/m2

4

E348-S-RGB-M002

Rain Gauge (0.2mm) with 2m Cable
Measurement range: 0–12.7 cm or 0–5 in. per hour; maximum 4000 tips per interval
Mechanism: Tipping bucket, stainless steel shaft with brass bearings
Resolution: 0.2 mm (S-RGB) 0.01-inch (S-RGA) models

5

E348-S-THB-M002

Temp/RH Sensor (12-bit) w/ 2m Cable
Temp: -40°C to 75°C (-40°F to 167°F); +/- 0.21°C from 0° to 50°C (0.38°F from 32° to 122°F) , resolution, 0.02°C at 25°C (0.04°F at 77°F)
RH: 0-100% at -40° to 75°C (-40° to 167°F);
exposure to conditions below -20°C (-4°F) or above 95% RH may temporarily increase the maximum RH sensor error by an additional 1%;
+/- 2.5% from 10% to 90% RH (typical), to a maximum of +/- 3.5% including hysteresis at 25°C (77°F); below 10% and above 90% ±5% typical, resolution, 0.1% RH

6

E348-RS3-B

Solar Radiation Shield, for use with external HOBO sensors;
S-THB-M00X, S-TMA-M0XX, S-TMB-M0XX, TMCx-HB, TMCx-HD, W-TMB, and external sensors from U23-00X; NOT compatible with S-THA.

7

E348-S-WSET-B

Wind Speed and Direction Sensor Set
Wind speed: range: 0 to 76 m/s (0 to 170 mph), accuracy: ± 1.1 m/s (2.4 mph) or ± 4% of reading whichever is greater, resolution: 0.5 m/s
Wind direction: range: 0 to 355 degrees, 5-degree dead band, accuracy: ± 5 degrees, resolution: 1.4 degrees

Field monitoring - Monitoring devices – Indoor Sensors

1

E348-MX1101

HOBO Bluetooth Temp/RH Logger
Communicates via Bluetooth with mobile device running HOBOmobile (free app), 84,000 measurements
Temp: -20°C to +70°C, accuracy: ±0.21°C from 0°C to 50°C , resolution: 0.024°C at 25°C (0.04°F at 77°F).
RH: 1% to 90%, accuracy: ±2% from 20% to 80% typical at 25°C, resolution: 0.01%.

2

E348-MX1102A

HOBO Bluetooth Low Energy Carbon Dioxide-Temp/RH Data Logger
84,650 measurements
Temp/RH, same as MX1101
CO2: 0 to 5,000 ppm, accuracy: ±50 ppm ±5% of reading at 25°C (77°F), less than 90% RH non-condensing and 1,013 mbar.


Simulations

All the 30 buildings

Simulated radiative surface temperature, 6 July, 120m resolution

Land surface temperature, 6 July, MODIS

Land surface temperature, 2 July, MODIS

Land surface temperature, 28 May, MODIS

Land surface temperature, 13 May, MODIS

Land surface temperature, 6 May, MODIS

Simulated land surface temperature, 6 July, 938m resolution

Simulated land surface temperature, 2 July, 938m resolution

Simulated land surface temperature, 28 May

Simulated land surface temperature, 13 May, 938m resolution

Simulated land surface temperature, 6 May, 938m resolution