curtain wall

Metal curtain walls are very common for high-rise commercial buildings due to their advantages in space saving, high quality in manufacturing, light weight, significant aesthetic freedom, and rapid construction.

Air leakage in curtain walls

Their main components are the metal frame, glazing units, and insulated spandrel panels. The connections and contacts between these components and their sub-components are manufactured with tight tolerance and sealed with various gaskets. However, the pressure equalization design, removable mullion caps, interconnected air spaces, and screws and fasteners can all be potential contributing design factors for air leakage. In addition, imperfect workmanship during installation, thermal expansion and movement under weather, and degrading and aging over time can widen the leakage paths.

Web sites:

AAMA test 501.1

501.1: Standard test method for metal curtain walls for water penetration using dynamic pressure, by AAMA, 1994

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A case study of early steel curtain wall: the chrysler building,, by Hammarberg, E., 2005

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A more sustainable curtain wall system: Analytical modeling of the solar dynamic buffer zone (SDBZ) curtain wall, by Richman, R. C. and Pressnail, K. D., 2009

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Air leakage of curtain walls -- diagnostics and remediation, by Becker, R, 2010

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An analysis and simulation of curtain wall reflection glare, by Shih, N. and Huang, Y., 2001

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Analysis and design of curtain wall systems for high rise buildings, by Wong_Wang_Sie, W., 2007

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Application of neural networks for the structural health monitoring in curtain-wall systems, by Efstathiades, , Baniotopoulos, C. C., Nazarko, P., Ziemianski, L. and Stavroulakis, G. E., 2007

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Building envelope design using metal and glass curtain wall systems, by Quirouette, R. L., 1982

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Curtain wall designs for wind and blast: three case studies, by Cliff, C. D., 2006

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E1105-00 Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference, by ASTM, 2000

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E547-00: water penetration of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors by cyclic static air pressure differential, by ASTM, 2000

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Evolution of curtain wall design against water infiltration, by Ting, R., 1997

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Experimental study of temperature distributions across two curtain wall systems, by Ge, H., Fazio, P. and Rao, J., 2001

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Functional Isolation Concept in Curtain Wall Design, by Ting, R., 2006

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Glass and Aluminum Curtain Wall Systems, by Quirouette, R. L., 2001

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Influence of glass curtain walls on the building thermal energy consumption under Tunisian climatic conditions: The case of administrative buildings, by Bouden, C., 2007

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Innovative products for curtain walls: investigation of anti-reflective glass coating, by Cinnamon, A. D., 2008

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Insulation plan of aluminum curtain wall-fastening unit for high-rise residential complex, by Song, S., Yi, J. and Koo, B., 2008

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Measuring air leakage characteristics with flexible double air chambers, by Fazio, P., Rao, J., and Ge, H., 2002

air leakage of

Measuring air leakage of full-scale curtain wall sections using a non-rigid air-chamber method, by Fazio, P., H. Ge, and J. Rao, 2001

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Performance of architectural glass in a mid-rise curtain wall system under simulated earthquake conditions., by Behr, R., 1997

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Properties and dynamic behavior of glass curtain walls with split screw spline mullions, by Weggel, D. C., Zapata, B. J. and Kiefer, M. J., 2007

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Quantifying and predicting performance of the solar dynamic buffer zone (SDBZ) curtain wall through experimentation and numerical modeling, by Richman, R. and Pressnail, K. D., 2009

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Simulation and mock-up tests of the thermal performance of curtain walls, by No, S., Kim, K. and Jung, J., Bayer, J. A. and Clift, C. D., 2008

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SIROWET -- A comprehensive dynamic full scale curtain wall testing procedure, by Roonan, W. W. and Howell, J. F., 1990

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Structural behavior and design of two custom aluminum extruded shapes in custom unitized curtain wall systems, by Wang, Y., 2006

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Study on overall thermal performance of metal curtain walls , by Ge, H., 2003

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Study on thermal performance of curtain walls using infrared thermography, by Ge, H. and Fazio, P., 2001

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The origins of the modern curtain wall, by Yeomans, D., 2001

window

The system approach to window performance standards, by Elmahdy, A.H. and A. Patenaude, 1988

HAM transfer in metal curtain walls

Transfer of heat, moisture and air through metal curtain walls, by Ge, H., P. Fazio, and J. Rao, 2001

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Use of physical property data and testing in the design of curtain wall, by Bayer, J. A. and Clift, C. D., 1993

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Vacuum glazing: Current performance and future prospects, by Eames, P. C., 2008