Luizi-ponzo, A.P. and Barth, O.M, (1999), "Spore morphology of some Dicranaceae species (Bryophyta) from Brazil", Grana, Volume: 38 Number: 1 Page: 42 -- 49.
Abstract: The spore morphology of 25 taxa belonging to the family Dicranaceae, including 11 genera is described. The majority of the spores do not exceed 25 ¦Ìm in the largest diameter. Three spore types, characterized by their surface ornamentation, are established, reflecting the species taxonomic relationships. The genera Anisothecium, Atractylocarpus, Bryohumbertia, Campylopus, Holomitrium, Oreoweisia, Pilopogon and Thysanomitrium present a surface recovered by elements resembling granules, they are included in the granuloid type. The piloid type in Dicranella and Microdus it is characterized by a surface with pilum-like elements. The insuloid type is restricted to the genus Campylopodium. The spores are resistant to the acetolysis mixture; the sclerine maintains its integrity when submitted to this method; only the intine is lost.