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  • fungi: MVOC - microbial volatile organic compound
  • fungi: molds in buildings
  • fungi: preservatives against fungi growth and mold decay
  • fungi and molds in buildings and their envelopes
  • fungi: Resources: list of references, databases



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  • Mold and Moisture



    		•
    		Essay:

    References for mold and fungi studies

    List 1: survey by J. Rao 1999
    • Adan, O. C. G, (1995), "Response of fungi to transient relative humidities", International Symposium On Moisture Problems In Building Walls, Porto - Portugal, 11-13 September, pp. 62-74.R-123
    • Alexopoulos, C., C. Mims, and M. Blackwell, (1996), Introductory Mycology, Wiley & Sons, New York.
    • ASTM, (1986), Standard method of testing wood preservatives by laboratory soil block culture, D1413-76, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa.
    • ASTM, (1990), Standard practice for selection of vapor retarders for thermal insulation, ASTM Standard C755-85, American Society For Testing And Materials, (R 1990).
    • ASTM, (2000), D4933-99 Standard guide for moisture conditioning of wood and wood-base materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
    • AWPA, (1992), Standards for analysis of waterborne preservatives and fire-retardant formulations, Standard A2-92, AWPA, Woodstock, Md.
    • Bales, E. and Rose, W. B. Eds., (1992), Bugs, Mold & Rot, Proceedings of a Workshop on Residential Moisture Problems, Health Effects, Building Damage, and Moisture Control, May 20-21.
    • Barrett, D., (1998), The renewal of trust in residential construction: an inquiry into the quality of condominium construction in British Columbia, Government of the Province of British Columbia, Canada.R-210
    • Beall, C., (1999), Thermal and moisture protection manual: for architects, engineers, and contractors, McGraw-Hill, New York.
    • Beneke, E. and A. Rogers. (1996), Medical Mycology and Human Mycoses, Star Publishing, Belmont, CA.
    • Bernstein, R. S., W. G. Sorenson, D. Garabrant, and R. D. Treitman, (1983), "Exposures to respirable, airborne penicillium from a contaminated ventilation system: Clinical, environmental epidemiological aspects. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 44:161-169.
    • Block, S. S. (1953), "Humidity requirements for mold growth", Applied Microbiology, 1:287-293.
    • Brundrett, G. W., (1990), Criteria for Moisture Control, Butterworths, London.
    • BS 3900, (1989) British Standard methods of test for paints, Part G6 Assessment of resistance to fungal growth, British Standards Institution.
    • Burge, H. A. and Modgson, M., (1988), Health risks of indoor pollutants. ASHRAE Journal, July, pp. 34-38.
    • Burge, H. A., H. J. Su, and J. D. Spengler, (1994), ¡°Moisture, organisms, and health effects¡±, In: Moisture control in buildings, ASTM Manual Series, MNL 18, Chapter 6.
    • Burnett, J. H., (1976), Fundamentals of mycology, 2nd Ed., Edward Arnold, London.
    • Calvo, A., Dronda, A. and Castello, R., (1982), "Fungal spores in house dust", ANN. ALLERGY., vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 213-219.
    • Carll, C. G. and Highley, T. L., (1999), ¡°Decay of wood and wood-based products above ground in buildings,¡± Journal of Testing and Evaluation, JTEVA, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 150-158.
    • CDC, (1997), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the Public Health Service, U.S., January 17.
    • Chan Y., M., A. Becker, J. Lam, H. Diniich-Ward, A. Ferguson, P Warren, E. Simons, I. Broder, and J. Manfreda., (1995), ¡°House dust mite allergen levels in two cities in Canada: effects of season, humidity, city and home characteristics¡±, Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 25(3):240-246, March.
    • Chirila, M., (1981), "Relationship between air-borne fungal spores and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in the house dust", REV. ROUM. MED.-MED. INT., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 73-77.
    • Choi, E. C. C, (1992), Simulation of wind-driven-rain around a building, Journal of Wind Engineering, 52: 60-65.
    • Clarke, J. A., Johnstone, C. M., Kelly, N. J., Mclean, R. C., Anderson, J. A., Rowan, N. J., and Smith, J. E., (1999), "A technique for the prediction of the conditions leading to mould growth in buildings", Building and Environment, vol. 34, pp. 515-521.R-166
    • Clausen, C. A., (1996), "Bacterial associations with decaying wood - a Review", International Biodetertoration & Biodegradation, vol. 37(1-2), pp. 101-107.R-590
    • CMHC, (1996), ¡°Fighting mould¡±, About Your House Series; CE 8, Ottawa, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.
    • CMHC, (1998), Survey of building envelope failures in the coastal climate of british columbia, Technical Series 98-102.
    • Cohen, Milstein, Hausfeld & Toll's, (1998), "Synthetic stucco (EIFS) settlement will provide up to $20 million for homeowners nationwide", E-Journal, May 22.R-228
    • Croan, S. C., (1997a), "Environmentally benign biological wood preservatives by Streptomyces Rimosus, SC-36", In: Proceedings of the The International Research Group on Wood Preservation; 28th annual meeting, May 25-30, Whistler, British Columbia, Canada
    • Croan, S. C., (1997b), "Decolorization of wood sapstain", In Dashek, W. V. ed., Methods in plant biochemistry and molecular biology, Boca Raton, Fl., CRC Press, pp. 23-26.
    • Crow, S. A., D. G. Ahearn, J. A. Noble, M. Moyenuddin and D. L. Price, (1994), "Microbial ecology of buildings: effects of fungi on indoor air quality", American Environmental Laboratory 2/94, p. 16-18.
    • Dales, R. E., Burnett, R., Zwanenburg, H., (1991), ¡°Adverse health effects in adults exposed to home dampness and molds¡±. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 143:505-509.
    • Darrell, J., (1974), The fungal spore: form and function, New York, Wiley.
    • de Hoog, G. and J. Guarro, (1995), Atlas of Clinical Fungi, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn.
    • Derome, D. and Fazio, P., (1998), "Large scale testing of two flat roof assemblies insulated with cellulose", ASCE Journal of Architectural Engineering, ASCE, N.Y.
    • Desmarais, G., Derome, D., Athienitis, and A., Fazio, P. (1998), "Impact of air leakage pattern on reinsulated walls", Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings VII, ASHRAE/BETEC/CIBSE/ ORNL/DOE/NRCC, Dec.7-11, Clearwater Beach, Fl, USA.R-490
    • Douglas, J. and Stirling, J. S., (1997), Dampness in buildings, 2nd ED., Blackwell Science, Oxford. Edmonton Journal, 14th August 1998.
    • Ellis, M. and J. P. Ellis, (1998), Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates, Richmond Publishing, Slough.
    • El-Shimi, M., White, R. and Fazio, P., (1982) "Influence of fa?ade geometry on weathering", Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 67-72.
    • Erissson, K-E. L., Blanchette, R. A. and Ander, P. (1990), Microbial and enzymatic degradation of wood and wood components, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
    • Fazio, P., A. K. Athienitis, C. Marsh, J. Rao, (1997), "An environmental chamber for investigation of building envelope performance", ASCE Journal of Architectural Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, USA, June, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 97-102.
    • Fazio, P., Derome; Dominique, D.; Gerbasi, D.; Athienitis, A. and Depani, S., (1998), "Testing of flat roofs insulated with cellulose fiber", Thermal Envelopes VII / Roofs and Attics - Principles, ASHRAE, Clearwater, Florida, pp. 3-13.
    • Fazio, P., Mallidi, S. R. and Zhu, D, (1995), ¡°A quantitative study for the measurement of driving rain exposure in Montreal region¡±, Building and Environment, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 1-11.
    • Fischer, G., Schwalbe, R., Moller, M., Ostrowski, R., and, Dott, W., (1999), "Species-specific production of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC) by airborne fungi from a compost facility", Chemosphere, Vol. 39, Issue 5, pp. 795-810.
    • Gornes, J. A., (1995), ¡°The appearance of moulds in buildings¡±, International Symposium On Moisture Problems In Building Walls, Porto - Portugal, 11 - 13 September, pp. 42.
    • Green, F., Highley, T. L., (1997), "Mechanism of brown-rot decay: paradigm or paradox, Int. Biodeter. & Biodegrad. 39(2-3): 113-124.
    • Green, F., Thomas A. K., and T. L. Highley, (1997), "Targeted inhibition of wood decay (using everything but the kitchen ink)", IRG/WP 97-10203, The International Research Group On Wood Preservation, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI.
    • Hammel, K. E., (1997), "Fungal degradation of lignin¡±, In: Cadisch, G.; Giller, K. E., eds. Chap. 2. Driven by nature: plant litter quality and decomposition, United Kingdom, CAB International: 33-45.
    • Hansen, A. T., (1984), ¡°Moisture problems in walls.¡± Canadian Building Digest, CBD-231, National Research Council of Canada.
    • Hansen, M. H. and A. Nicolajsen, (1999), ¡°Protection of wood by design¡±, 8th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components, Vancouver, Canada, May 28 - June 3, pp. 723-733.
    • Hawksworth, D. L., B. C. Sutton and G. C. Ainsworth, (1994), Ainsworth & Bisby's dictionary of the fungi, International Mycological Institute, University Press, Cambridge.
    • Hayden, N. J. and Maude, R. B., (1994), "The effect of heat on the growth and recovery of Aspergillus spp. from the mycoflora of onion seeds", Plant Pathology, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 627-630.
    • Health and Welfare Canada, (1987), ¡°Significance of fungi in indoor air: report of a working group¡±, Cn. J. Public Health, vol. 78(2), pp. 1-14.
    • Hens, H., (1996), Final report - Task 1: modelling, International Energy Agency - Annex 24 Heat, Air and Moisture Transfer Through New and Retrofitted Insulated Envelope Parts (Hamtie), Volume 1.
    • Highley, T. L. (1999), "Biodeterioration of wood", in USDA, Wood handbook - Wood as an engineering material. USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Washington, D.C., U.S.
    • Horner, W. E., A. Helbling, E. Salvaggio, and S. B. Lehrer, (1995), ¡°Fungal allergens¡±, Clin. Microbiol., Rev. 8:61-179.
    • Hukka, H. and A. Viitanen, (1999), "A mathematical model of mould growth on wooden material", Wood Science and Technology, vol. 33 (6), 475-485.
    • Hunter, C. A., C. Grant, B. Flannigan, and A. E Bravery, (1988), "Mould in buildings: the air spora of domestic dwellings", Int. Biodeterior, 24:81-101.
    • IEA, (1990), Condensation and Energy, Guidelines and Practice, Vol 2, International Energy Agency, Annex 14, Belgium, KU Leuven, August.
    • Ingold, C. T., (1971), ¡°Fungal spores: their liberation and dispersal¡±, International Fungal Spore Symposium, Brigham Young University, Oxford Clarendon Press.
    • Jiang, M., Highley, T., Ferg, L., and Woods, T. L., (1998), "Laboratory evaluation of chrolothalonil formulation for stain and mold control on rubberwood and maple", USDA Forest Service, Forest Products, Laboratory, Madison, WI.
    • Kendrick, W.B., (1992), The Fifth Kingdom, partly available on the internet, http://www.pacificcoast.net/%7Emycolog/fifthtoc.html.
    • Kerem, Z., K. A. Jensen, and K. E. Hammel, (1999), "Biodegradative mechanism of the brown rot Gloeophyllum trabeum: evidence for an extracellular fenton reaction basidiomycete hydroquinone-driven", FEBS Letters, vol. 446, pp. 49-54.
    • Kumaran, M. K., (1996), ¡°Taking guess work out of placing air/vapor barriers", Canadian Consulting Engineer. Vol. March/April, pp. 32-33.
    • Kwong-Chung, K. J. and J. Bennett, (1992), Medical Mycology, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.
    • Lacasse, M. A. and D. J. Vanier, Eds., (1999), Durability of Building Materials and Components 8, Institute for Research in Construction, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
    • Lawton, M. D., (1998), ¡°Moldy houses - building science lessons from the Wallaceburg project¡±, Proceedings of the Thermal Envelopes VII Conference, ASHRAE, pp. 67-79.
    • Lawton, M. D., (1992), "Diagnosing envelope problems by field performance monitoring", Thermal V, pp. 675-683.
    • Lawton, M. D., R. E. Dales, and J. White., (1998), ¡°The influence of house characteristics in a Canadian community on microbiological contamination¡±, Indoor Air, pp. 2-11.
    • Lemonick, M. D. (1998) Termites from hell, Time Magazine, US. Ed., JULY 13, VOL. 152, NO. 2.
    • Liu, X., Laks, P. E., Pruner, M. S., (1994), "A preliminary report on the wood preservative properties of phenylboronic acid", Forest Products Journal, Madison, vol. 44(6), pp. 46.
    • Lstiburek, J. W., (1992), "Two studies of mold and mildew in Florida buildings", Thermal V, 1992, pp. 538-544.
    • Makepeace, C. B., R. Ogle, and R. Nelson, (1999), "Dynamic buffer zone - DBZ", 8th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components, Vancouver, Canada, May 28 - June 3, pp. 399-408. R-153
    • Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz, (1988) Five Kingdoms: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth (2nd edition), W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
    • Miller, J. D., (1992), "Microbial contamination of indoor air", 5th Intnl. Jacques Cartier Conference, Montreal, Canada, October, pp. 1-11.
    • Miller, O. K and Farr, D. F., (1990), An index of the common fungi of North America, synonymy and common names, Vaduz Liechtenstein, J. Cramer.
    • Moore-Landecker, E., (1996), Fundamentals of the Fungi, fourth edition, Prentice-Hall, London.
    • Morey, P. R., (2000), ¡°Cleaning procedures for mold¡±, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2000, Vol. 3, pp. 39-48.
    • Morrell, J. J. and Freitag, C. M., (1995), "Effect of wood moisture content on diffusion of boron-based biocides through Douglas-fir and western hemlock lumber", Forest Products Journal; Madison; vol. 45(3), pp. 51.
    • Morrison Hershfield Limited, (1990), A study of the rainscreen concept applied to cladding systems on wood frame walls, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.
    • Nathanson T. and Miller J. D., (1989), ¡°Studies of fungi in indoor air in large buildings¡± In: B. Flannigan, ed. Airborne deteriogens and pathogens, Biodeterioration Society Occasional Publication, 6:129-138, Kew, England.
    • Nathanson, T., (1993), Indoor air quality in office buildings: technical guide, Federal-Provincial Advisory Committee on Environmental and Occupational Health Public Works and Government Services Canada.
    • NBCC, (1995), National Building Code, National Research Council of Canada.
    • Ojanen, T. and C. Simonson, (1995), "Convective moisture accumulation in structures with additional inside insulation", Thermal Envelopes VI/Effects of Air Movement - Principles, ASHRAE, Clearwater, Florida, Vol. 2, pp. 745-752.
    • Ojanen, T. and R. O. Kohonen, (1995). ¡°Hygrothermal performance analysis of wind barrier structures.¡± ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS: SYMPOSIA, Vol. 101, pp. 595-606.
    • Pasanen, A., (2000), ¡°Evaluation of indoor fungal exposure¡±, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2000, Vol. 3, pp. 25-38.
    • Peart, M. V. (1989), "Southern mold problems: weather and psychrometrics", Sixth Annual Symposium on Improving Building Systems in Hot and Humid Climates, pp. B2--B11.
    • Peart, M. V. and D. P. Gatley, (1992), "Introduction to hotel mold/moisture problems in warm, humid climates", Thermal V, pp. 531-537.
    • Peltola, J., Andersson, M., Mikkola, R., Apetroaie, C., and Salkinoja-Salonen, M., (2000), ¡°Bioactive agents produced by indoor bacteria and fungi affecting the eukaryotic cell membrane¡±, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2000, Vol. 1, pp. 239-244.
    • Quirouette, R. L. (1985), ¡°The difference between a vapor barrier and an air barrier.¡± Building Practice Note No. 54, National Research Council Canada.
    • Richardson, B., (1995), Remedial treatment of buildings, 2nd Ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
    • Ritschkoff, A. C., Viitanen, H., Koskela, K., (2000), ¡°The response of building materials to the mould exposure at different humidity and temperature conditions¡±, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2000, Vol. 3, pp. 317.
    • Rode, C., G. Christensen and M. Vesterlokke, (1992), "Moisture conditions of non-ventilated wood-based, membrane-roof components", Thermal V, pp. 545-554.
    • Rose, W. B. (1994), "Conditions for mold growth in vaulted ceilings", Proceedings of the First International Conference on Buildings and the Environment, Building Research Establishment, London, Paper 25.
    • Samson, R. and B. Flannigan, (1994), Health implications of fungi in indoor environments, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • Scheffer, T. C. and Moses, C. S. (1993), "Survey of moisture content in houses for evidence of decay susceptibility", Forest Products Journal, Madison; Nov/Dec, vol. 43(11,12), pp. 45.
    • Singh, J., (1994), Building mycology ¨C management of decay and health in buildings, Ed., E & FN Spon, London.
    • Simpson, A. and D. E. O'Connor, (1994), ¡°Timber frame wall - hygrothermal properties and vapor barrier damage¡±, Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 179-184.
    • Skerlj, P. S. and D. Surry, (1994), ¡°A study of mean pressure gradients, mean cavity pressures, and resulting residual mean pressures across a rainscreen for a representative building¡±, Prepared for Housing Innovation Division, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Ottawa.
    • Snape, P. and B. Atkinson, (1999), ¡°Mapping rainfall distribution characteristics on facades using surface deposit geometry¡±, 8th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components, Vancouver, Canada, May 28 - June 3, pp. 943-955.
    • Spengler, J. D., Burge, H. and Su, H. J., (1992), "Biological agents and the home environment", In Bugs, Mold & Rot, Bales, E. and Rose, W. B. Eds., [Proceedings of] a Workshop on Residential Moisture Problems, Health Effects, Building Damage, and Moisture Control, May 20-21.
    • SPREC, (1996), Biodeterioration of wood, Structural Pest Research and Extension Center, www.ucfpl.ucop.edu/biodet.
    • Straube, J. F. and Burnett, E. F. P, (1997), ¡°Driving rain and building facades¡±, Climate 2000, Brussels, Aug 30 - Sep 2.
    • Straube, J. F. and E. F. P. Burnet, (1995), "Moisture movement in building enclosure wall systems", Thermal Envelope VI, pp. 177-188.
    • Surry, D., Skerlj, P. F. and Mikitiuk, M. J., (1995), An exploratory study of the climatic relationships between rain and wind, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.
    • The Oregonian, 19th November 1997.
    • Time magazine, July 1998.
    • Trechsel, H. R.; P. R. Achenbach; H. J. Knight; and G. W. Lou, (1986), "Evaluation of wind effect on moisture content of frame walls with and without an air-infiltration barrier", Thermal Envelopes III Effects of Air Movement ¨C Principles, ASHRAE, Vol. 2, pp. 648-662.
    • Trechsel, H. R.; P. R. Achenbach; J. R. Ebbets, (1985), ¡°Effect of an exterior air-infiltration barrier on moisture accumulation within insulated frame wall cavities¡±, ASHRAE Technical Data Bulletin Infiltration, ASHRAE, Atlanta, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 23-37.
    • Tsongas, G. (1992), "A field study of indoor moisture problems and damage in new northwest homes", Thermal V, 1992, pp. 563-571.
    • Tsongas, G. and Olson, J. (1995), "Tri State homes: a case study of extensive decay in the walls of older manufactured homes with exterior vapor retarder", Proceedings of the DOE/ ORNL/ ASHRAE/ BETEC Conference, Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings VI, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Orlando, Florida, pp. 207-218.
    • USA Weekly Online, MOLD: A Health Alert, Issue date: Dec 5, 1999.
    • USDA. (1987), Wood handbook - wood as an engineering material. USDA Forest Products, Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-113, Madison, WI, U.S.
    • Verschoor, J. D., (1986), ¡°Measurement of water migration and storage in composite building construction¡±, ASHRAE Technical Data Bulletin, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 140-153.
    • Viitanen, H. and Ahola, P. (1998), "Resistance of painted wood to mould fungi. Part 3. The effect of weathering, wood substrate and fungicides on mould growth", 29th Annual Meeting of IRGWP. Maastricht, DE, 14 - 19 June, International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Stockholm.
    • Viitanen, H., (1996), Factors affecting the development of mould and decay in wooden material and wooden structures, Dissertation, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Dep. of Forest Products, Uppsala.
    • Viitanen, H., (1998), "Factors affecting durability of wood in buildings", PRE-MAL; ICOM, Proceedings of the 3rd Nordic Symposium on Insect Pest Control in Museums, Stockholm, 24 - 25 Sept., pp. 139-145.
    • Watkinson, S., (1994), ¡°The physiology and morphology of fungal decay in buildings¡±, In. Building mycology ¨C management of decay and health in buildings, Ed. Singh, J., E & FN Spon, London.
    • Wall Street Journal, 24th July 1998.
    • West Insurance Association, 6th September 1998.
    • Zarr, R. R.; D. M. Burch; and A. H. Fanney., (1995), ¡°Heat and moisture transfer in wood-based wall construction: measured versus predicted¡±, NIST Building Science Series 173, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
    • Zhu, D., Mallidi, S. R. and Fazio, P., (1995), ¡°Quantitative driving rain exposure on a vertical wall at various canadian cities¡±, Building and Environment, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 533-544. These references are from the interim report on mold growth survey. Some of them are listed in the references.

    List 2: by This link was broken when checked on Dec. 2006Common Questions and Answers about Mold (www.tjm.com/tin/mold1.cfm)

    A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002.

    Bode, M, and Deanna Munson, Controlling Mold Growth in the Home, Kansas State University, 1995.

    Clausen, C., Recognize, Remove, and Remediate Mold and Mildew, Proc. Of 2nd Annual Conf. on Durability and Disaster Mitigation in Wood-Frame Housing, 2000.

    Discolorations on Wood Products: Causes and Implications, Forintek Canada Corp. and University of British Columbia School of Occupational And Environmental Hygiene, 2001.

    F.A.Q. - Buildings and Moisture, Canadian Wood Council and Forintek Canada Corp., http://www.durable-wood.com/frequently_asked_questions/moisture.php3

    Helping Your Buyers Understand Mold During the Building Process, NAHB Research Center's ToolBase Services, 2002.

    International Energy Agency, Annex 14: Condensation and Energy, Vol. 2: Guidelines and Practice, 1990.

    Kirby, S. and Cassandra Wiggins, Moisture Control and Prevention Guide, NC State University, 1998.

    Laks, P.E. et al., Fungal Susceptibility of Interior Commercial Building Panels, Forest Products Journal, 2002, Vol. 52(5) p. 41-44.

    Mold and Mildew, APA - The Engineered Wood Association, 2001.

    Mold in My Home: What Do I Do?, California Dept. of Health Services, 2001.

    Mold in Residential Buildings, NAHB Research Center's ToolBase Services, 2002.

    Questions and Answers on Stachybotrys chartarum and other molds, CDC National Center for Environmental Health, http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/.

    Rose, W.B. and Anton TenWolde, Issues in Crawl Space Design and Construction-A Symposium Summary, Recommended Practices for Controlling Moisture in Crawl Spaces, ASHRAE Technical Bulletin 88192, ASHRAE 1994.

    Wagner, J., Truth Told on Toxic Mold, Today's Homeowner.com

    Yost, N. et al., Mold Remediation in Occupied Homes, Building Science Corporation 2002.

    Yost, N. et al., What You Need to Know About Mold, Building Science Corporation, 2002.

    see also: fungi



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