CRDConcept: fungi: MVOC - microbial volatile organic compound

MVOCs are the metabolic byproducts of fungi and bacteria, and are responsible for the characteristic musty odor that can be found in damp or water-damaged buildings.

"MVOCs are produced as a metabolic by-product of bacteria and fungi and are detectable before any visible signs of microbial growth appear. MVOCs can therefore serve as early indicators of potential biocontamination problems. " Project: Detection and Monitoring of MVOCs

"microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs)... complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, sulfur-based compounds, amines, and terpenes are known to be produced by microbial metabolism. Foruk, M. J., Uhlman, S., Baker, D. B., Yang, H., 2001

MVOC emission patterns appear to be complex and determined by several factors. Horner, W., A. Worthan, B. Epstien, and M. Black, 1999, M

MVOCs are gases and can readily disperse throughout a building and potentially penetrate barriers such as vinyl wallpaper and polyethylene sheeting". (Foruk et al. 2001 )). Filer et al. 2001 analyzed 150 volatile substances derived from fungal cultures.

ASTM Std on MVOC/VOC ASTM, 2002, D6329-98 standard guide for developing methodology for evaluating the ability of indoor materials to support microbial growth using static environmental chambers

MVOC as an indicator of molds or mold growth, and MVOC and VOC emission from fungi as the identification agents for fungal species have been studied by many, including

MVOC sampling methods: GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) with solid sorbent, thermal desorption and SIM/SCAN (Selective Ion Monitoring) ; or GC/FID - CSC

MVOC are unlikely to cause health symptoms ("MVOCs are not that important for indoor air problems") (Korpi, A., Pasanen, J., Pasanen, A., 2001, Sensory irritation of microbially produced volatile organic compounds in mice during repeated exposures ))

Vice, S.J., 2000, Indicators of mold growth in indoor environments a thesis for MVOC

Application of sampling MVOC in an highrise building

Detecting mold, MVOCs in problem buildings

Some books:

Pawliszyn, 1997. J. Pawliszyn , Solid Phase Microextraction¨C¨CTheory and Practice. , Wiley-VCH, Chichester (1997).

Pawliszyn, 1999. J. Pawliszyn, Editor, Application of Solid Phase Microextraction, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (1999).

Samson, R.A., Flannigan, B., Flannigan, M.E., Verhoeff, A.P., Adan, O.C.G., Hoekstra, E.S. (Eds.), 1994. Health Implications of Fungi in Indoor Environments. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.

Web Links (3):

Notes

MVOC sampling, Pegasus laboratory: a short yet good artile on MVOC sampling
NIST 02 - NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library, and NIST MS Search Program for Windows: "a fully evaluated collection of electron impact (EI) mass spectra" of approximately 130,000 spectra of over 108,000 different compounds.
prism analytical technologies, inc: in house service testing, include the MVOC identification

Related References (55)

--------: An update on pollen and fungal spore aerobiology, by Burge, H. A., 2002
--------: Analysis of microbial contamination of a ventilation system detected by measurement of microbial volatile organic compounds, by Foruk, M. J., Uhlman, S., Baker, D. B., Yang, H., 2001
--------: Anatomy of a Fungal Problem , by Carlson, N., Quraishi, A., 2001
--------: Application of head-space solid-phase microextraction for the analysis of volatile metabolites emitted by Penicillium species, by Nilssona, T., Larsenb, T. O., Montanarellac, L. and Madsena, J. ?., 1996
microbial toxins: Bacteria, molds, and toxins in water-damaged building materials, by Andersson, M. A., M. Nikulin, U. Ko Ljalg, M. C. Andersson, F. Rainey, K. Reijula, E.-L. Hintikka, And M. Salkinoja-Salonen, 1997
--------: Can microbial volatile metabolites cause irritation at indoor air concentrations? , by Pasanen, A., Korpi, A., Kasanen, J.P., Pasanen, P., 2001
--------: Critical aspects on the significance of microbial volatile metabolites as indoor air pollutants , by Pasanen, A., Korpia, A., Kasanena, J. and Pasanena, P., 1998
--------: D6329-98 standard guide for developing methodology for evaluating the ability of indoor materials to support microbial growth using static environmental chambers, by ASTM, 2002
--------: Detection of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) produced by moulds on various materials, by Fiedler, K., Schutz, E. and Geh, S., 2001
--------: Determination of selected microbial volatile organic compounds by diffusive sampling and dual-column capillary GC-FID--a new feasible approach for the detection of an exposure to indoor mould fungi? , by Elke, K., Begerow, J., Oppermann, H., Kr?mer, U., Jermann, E. and Dunemann, L., 1999
--------: Determination of unique microbial volatile organic compounds produced by five Aspergillus species commonly found in problem buildings, by Gao, P., Korley, F., Martin, J. and Chen, B., 2002
--------: Diffusion of some MVOCs through building moisture barriers, by Komulainen, J., Lu, X., Hakkarainen, H., Weckstr?m, A., Viljanen, M. and S. Liukkonen, 2003
--------: Evaluation of adsorbents for sampling and quantitative analysis of microbial volatiles using thermal desorption-gas chromatography , by Sunessona, A., Nilssona, C. and Anderssona, B., 1995
good references: Evaluation of indoor fungal exposure, by Pasanen, A-L, 2000
--------: Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of some microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC) with the comet assay, the micronucleus assay and the HPRT gene mutation assay , by Kreja, L. and Seidel, H., 2002
MVOC in biowaste: Exposure to airborne fungi, MVOC and mycotoxins in biowaste-handling facilities, by Fischer, G., M¨ąller, T., Schwalbe, R., Ostrowski, R. and Dott, W., 2000
--------: Fungal production of volatiles during growth on fiberglass , by Ezeonu, I. M., Price, D. L., Simmons, R. B., Crow, S. A. and Ahearn, D. G., 1994
--------: Fungal volatile metabolites and biological responses to fungal exposure , by Korpi, A., 2001
--------: Growth and volatile metabolite production of Aspergillus versicolor in house dust, by Pasanen, P., Korpia, A., Kalliokoskia, P. and Pasanen, A., 1997
--------: Headspace/solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: a screening technique for the recovery and identification of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) in postmortem blood and viscera samples, by Tranthim-fryer, D. J., Hansson, R. C. and Norman, K. W., 2001
--------: Identification of volatile metabolites from five fungal species cultivated on two media, by Sunesson, A. L., Vaes, W. H. J., Nilsson, C. A., Blomquist, G., Andersson, B. and Carlson, R., 1995
detailed study on MVOC: Indicators of mold growth in indoor environments, by Vice, S.J, 2000
--------: Microbial air pollutants - methods for the detection and identification of endotoxins, mycotoxins and MVOC, by Tilkes, F., Dott, W., Fischer, G., Grun, L., Harpel, S., Keller, R., Martens, W., Palmgren, U. and Seidel, H. J., 1999
--------: Microbial growth and metabolism in house dust, by Korpia, A., Pasanena, A., Pasanena, P. and Kalliokoskia, P., 1997
MVOC as mold growth indicator: Microbial VOCs as indicators for mold growth in buildings, by Black, M.S., T. Worthan and P. Morey, 1998
emission rates and exposure model: Microbial volatile organic compound emission rates and exposure model, by Menetrez, M. and Foarde, K., 2002
--------: Microbial volatile organic compounds - What substances can be found in sick buildings? , by Wessen, B. and Schoeps, K.-O. , S. K., Wessen, B. and Schoeps, K. -., 1996
--------: Microbial volatile organic compounds as indicators of fungi. Can an electronic nose detect fungi in indoor environments?, by Romain, M. K. A. and Nicolas, J., 2005
--------: Microbial volatile organic compounds in the air of moldy and mold-free indoor environments, by Schleibinger, H., Laussmann, D., Bornehag, C., Eis, D. and Rueden, H., 2008
--------: Microbial volatile organic compounds with emphasis on those arising from filamentous fungal contaminants of buildings, by Horner, E. and Miller, J. D., 2001
--------: Microbial volatile organic compounds-what substances can be found in sick buildings?, by Wessen, B. and Schoeps, K., 1996
--------: Microfungal contamination of damp buildings: Biological aspects , by Gravesen, S., 2001
MVOC and health, mechanism: Mold, bacteria,dugs: a new tool for tracing microbiological problems hidden in building construction, by Lundin L. and Nodby, O. K., 2002
--------: Mould growth on building materials: Secondary metabolites, mycotoxins and biomarkers, by Nielsen, K.F, 2002
--------: MVOC analysis for detection of microbial growth in buildings I. Variation of MVOC and mycotoxin patterns in aspergillus versicolor, by Wilkins, F., Nielsen, F. and Larsen, K., 1999
--------: MVOC emission patterns of indoor fungi: strain and culture differences, by Horner, W., A. Worthan, B. Epstien, and M. Black, 1999
--------: Sampling and analysis of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs), by Campbell, J., Casteel, C., Chen, K. and Tuday, M., 2002
MVOC not as important: Sensory irritating potency of some microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) and a mixture of five MVOCs, by Korpi, A., Kasanen, J.-P, Alarie, Y., Kosma, V. and Pasanen, A-L, 1999
--------: Sensory irritation of microbially produced volatile organic compounds in mice during repeated exposures , by Korpi, A., Pasanen, J., Pasanen, A., 2001
said to review MVOC of fungi: Sick Buildings: Definition, Diagnosis and Mitigation, by Godish, T., 1995
--------: Significance of fungi in indoor air: report from a working group, by Tobin, R.S., E. Bavoneuslei, A. Gilman, T. Kuiper-Goodman, J.D. Miller, and M. Giddings, Reinikainen, L. M. and Jaakkola, J. J. K., 1987
MVOC, airborne fungi: Species-specific production of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC) by airborne fungi from a compost facility, by Fischer, G., Schwalbe, R., Moller, M., Ostrowski, R. and Dott, W., 1999
--------: Toxic-metabolite-producing bacteria and fungus in an indoor environment, by Peltola, J., M. A. Andersson, T. Haahtela, H. Mussalo-Rauhamaa, F. A. Rainey, R. M. Kroppenstedt, and R. A. Samson, 2002
--------: Use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/solid phase microextraction for the identification of MVOCs from moldy building materials, by Wady, L., Bunte, A., Pehrson, C. and Larsson, L., 2003
--------: Use of MVOC measurements and odour perception as indicator of mould in indoor areas, by Keller, R. , Senkpiel, K. , Ohgke, H., 2001
--------: Validation of a method for the sampling and analysis of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs), by Campbell, J., Casteel, C., Tuday, and M., Valley, 0
--------: Variation of volatile organic compound patterns of mold species from damp buildings, by Wilkins, K. and Larsen, K., 1995
--------: Volatile compounds originating from mixed microbial cultures on building materials under various humidity conditions, by Korpi, A. Pasanen,A.L. and P. Pasanen, 1998
--------: Volatile metabolites from indoor molds grown on media containing wood constituents, by Wilkins, K., Larsen, K. and Simkus, M., 2003
--------: Volatile metabolites from microorganisms grown on humid building materials and synthetic media, by Claeson, A. S., Levin, J. O., Blomquist, G. and Sunesson, A. L., 2002
--------: Volatile metabolites from mold growth on building materials and synthetic media, by Wilkins, K., Larsen, K. and Simkus, M., 2000
--------: Volatile metabolites of Serpula lacrymans, Coniophora puteana, Poria placenta, Stachybotrys chartarum and Chaetomium globosum , by Korpi, A., Pasanen, A. and Viitanen, H., 1999
--------: Volatile metabolites produced by six fungal species compared with other indicators of fungal growth on cereal grains , by Borjesson, T., Stollman, U. and Schnurer, J., 1992
--------: Volatile metabolites produced by two fungal species cultivated on building materials , by Sunesson, A., Nilsson, C., Andersson, B. and Blomquist, G., 1996
--------: Volatile organic metabolites associated with some toxic fungi end their mycotoxins , by Pasanen, A. -L., Lappalainen, S. and Pasanen, P., 1996

CRDBER, at CBS, BCEE, ENCS, Concordia, June 2014