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A limit state design (LSD) approach for comparing relative drying performance of wood-frame envelope systems with full-scale lab, A roadmap towards intelligent net zero- and positive-energy buildings,

Mao, Q., Fazio, P. and Rao, J.
2011
Building and Environment, 46(3): 797-806

Mao, Q., Fazio, P. and Rao, J., (2011), "A limit state design (LSD) approach for comparing relative drying performance of wood-frame envelope systems with full-scale lab, A roadmap towards intelligent net zero- and positive-energy buildings,", Building and Environment, 46(3): 797-806.
Abstract:
The capacity of drying out moisture accumulated within stud cavities, especially moisture due to rain penetration, is an important characteristic affecting the performance and durability of building envelope systems. This paper introduces a new approach for evaluating such drying performance based on the concepts and procedures of Limit State Design (LSD) used in structural engineering. For a well performing envelope, the moisture load must be less than the drying capacity of the system. The drying capacities are obtained through full-scale experiments that utilize moisture loading derived from a moisture source (water tray) placed at the bottom of the stud cavity. In moving out of the cavity, part of the moisture will be absorbed by the materials surrounding the stud cavity. When any part of the wall specimen reaches 20% MC, the cumulative evaporation from the water tray is termed as the ICEA (in-cavity evaporation allowance) of that wall system. The ICEA value is dependent on the envelope configuration and is a good indicator of the drying performance of that wall system. By comparing ICEA values of wall systems with their respective moisture loads, those envelopes having ICEA values higher than the amount of rain penetration calculated from prevailing driving rain and faults in the envelope are deemed to have adequate drying capacity.

Keywords: Wood-based building envelope; Building envelope design; Limit state design; Moisture load; Moisture response; Drying capacity

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Author Information and Other Publications Notes
Mao, Q.
  1. A new test method to determine the relative drying capacity of building envelope panels of various configurations
  2. A new testing method to evaluate the relative drying performance of different building envelope systems using water trays
  3. Effect of capillarity on rainwater penetration in the building envelope
  4. Experimental Determination of Drying Capacity of Wood-Frame Envelope Systems for Comparative Studies and Limit State Design
  5. In-cavity evaporation allowance--A drying capacity indicator for wood-frame wall system
  6. Test method to measure the relative capacity of wall panels to evacuate moisture from their stud cavity  
Fazio, P.
Paul Fazio, Professor of Building, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal
  1. A new test method to determine the relative drying capacity of building envelope panels of various configurations
  2. A new testing method to evaluate the relative drying performance of different building envelope systems using water trays
  3. A quantitative study for the measurement of driving rain exposure in the Montr¨¦al region
  4. A review of research activities in energy efficiency in buildings in Canada
  5. Airtightness testing and air flow modeling of two and three-unit multifamily buildings
  6. Airtightness testing of two- and three-unit buildings with a single fan
  7. Approach for the simulation of wetting due to rain infiltration for building envelope testing
  8. Approach for urban driving rain index by using climatological data recorded at suburban meteorological station
  9. Behavior of wall assemblies with different wood sheathings wetted by simulated rain penetration
  10. Building Physics: 3rd International Conference in Building Physics
  11. Building pressurisation can affect possibility of mould growth
  12. Cavity pressure in rain screen walls
  13. Comparaison de m¨¦thodes de mesure de flux de chaleur pour sp¨¦cimens de grandes et moyennes dimensions
  14. Continuous folded plate structures under uniform load
  15. Creative case adaptation for building engineering design
  16. Design and construction of an environmental chamber facility
  17. Design Methodology of Solar Neighborhoods
  18. Development of experimental procedure to evaluate potential movement of mold spores from wall cavity to indoor environment
  19. Development of HAM tool for building envelope analysis
  20. Effect of capillarity on rainwater penetration in the building envelope
  21. Environmental chamber for investigation of building envelope performance
  22. Essai sur les toits plats isol¨¦s ¨¤ la fibre de cellulose
  23. Evaluation of radiance's genBSDF capability to assess solar bidirectional properties of complex fenestration systems
  24. Experimental evaluation of potential transport of mold spores from moldy studs in full-size wall assemblies
  25. Experimental setup for the study of air leakage patterns
  26. Experimental study of temperature distributions across two curtain wall systems
  27. Folded sandwich plate structures
  28. Identification and transport investigation of microbial volatile organic compounds in full-scale stud cavities
  29. IFC-based framework for evaluating total performance of building envelopes
  30. Impact of added insulation on air leakage patterns
  31. Impact of air leakage pattern on reinsulated walls
  32. In-cavity evaporation allowance--A drying capacity indicator for wood-frame wall system
  33. Influence of air space on multi-layered material water vapor permeability measurement
  34. Influence of facade geometry on weathering
  35. Integrated analysis of whole building heat, air and moisture transfer
  36. Interzonal air and moisture transport through large horizontal openings in a full-scale two-story test hut: Part 1 - Experimental study
  37. Interzonal air and moisture transport through large horizontal openings in a full-scale two-story test-hut: Part 2- CFD study
  38. Large scale testing of two flat roof assemblies insulated with cellulose
  39. Mapping of air leakage in exterior wall assemblies
  40. Measuring air leakage characteristics with flexible double air chambers
  41. Measuring air leakage of full-scale curtain wall sections using a non-rigid air-chamber method
  42. Methods for the assessment of moisture content of envelope assemblies
  43. Modeling of moisture behavior of wood planks in nonvented flat roofs
  44. Modelling of indoor air humidity: the dynamic behaviour within an enclosure
  45. Moisture buffering capacities of five North American building materials
  46. Moisture performance of leaky exterior walls with added insulation
  47. Nonlinear elastic analysis of panelized shear sandwich walls
  48. Numerical investigation of the influence of room factors on HAM transport in a full-scale experimental room
  49. Performance evaluation protocol for full-scale wood-frame building envelopes
  50. Potential of rain screen walls to prevent rain penetration: pressurized cavity principle
  51. Quantitative driving rain exposure on a vertical wall at various Canadian cities
  52. Rapport Final Projet Site Internet - L'enveloppe du batiment et l'efficacit¨¦ ¨¦nerg¨¦tique
  53. Review and framework for large-scale laboratory studies on wetting and drying of building envelopes
  54. Study of the reduced impact of thermal bridges in two sprayed-applied polyurethane wall assemblies
  55. Study on thermal performance of curtain walls using infrared thermography
  56. Test method to measure the relative capacity of wall panels to evacuate moisture from their stud cavity
  57. Testing of flat roofs insulated with cellulose fiber
  58. The dynamic modelling of air humidity behaviour in a multi-zone space
  59. Transfer of heat, moisture and air through metal curtain walls
  60. Transient model for coupled heat, air and moisture transfer through multilayered porous media
  61. Use of an environmental chamber to investigate large-scale envelope specimen hygrothermal performance  
Rao, J.
Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal
  1. A new test method to determine the relative drying capacity of building envelope panels of various configurations
  2. A new testing method to evaluate the relative drying performance of different building envelope systems using water trays
  3. Building Physics: 3rd International Conference in Building Physics
  4. Building pressurisation can affect possibility of mould growth
  5. Comparaison de m¨¦thodes de mesure de flux de chaleur pour sp¨¦cimens de grandes et moyennes dimensions
  6. Design and construction of an environmental chamber facility
  7. Development of experimental procedure to evaluate potential movement of mold spores from wall cavity to indoor environment
  8. Development of HAM tool for building envelope analysis
  9. Effect of capillarity on rainwater penetration in the building envelope
  10. Environmental chamber for investigation of building envelope performance
  11. Evaluation of radiance's genBSDF capability to assess solar bidirectional properties of complex fenestration systems
  12. Experimental evaluation of potential transport of mold spores from moldy studs in full-size wall assemblies
  13. Experimental study of temperature distributions across two curtain wall systems
  14. Identification and transport investigation of microbial volatile organic compounds in full-scale stud cavities
  15. In-cavity evaporation allowance--A drying capacity indicator for wood-frame wall system
  16. Interzonal air and moisture transport through large horizontal openings in a full-scale two-story test hut: Part 1 - Experimental study
  17. Interzonal air and moisture transport through large horizontal openings in a full-scale two-story test-hut: Part 2- CFD study
  18. Measuring air leakage characteristics with flexible double air chambers
  19. Measuring air leakage of full-scale curtain wall sections using a non-rigid air-chamber method
  20. Numerical investigation of the influence of room factors on HAM transport in a full-scale experimental room
  21. Review and framework for large-scale laboratory studies on wetting and drying of building envelopes
  22. Statistical analysis of microbial volatile organic compounds in an experimental project: identification and transport analysis
  23. Study of the reduced impact of thermal bridges in two sprayed-applied polyurethane wall assemblies
  24. Test method to measure the relative capacity of wall panels to evacuate moisture from their stud cavity
  25. Transfer of heat, moisture and air through metal curtain walls
  26. Use of an environmental chamber to investigate large-scale envelope specimen hygrothermal performance  


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